John Locke (England) Viewpoints All humans have “natural rights” Life Liberty Property In order to have their “natural rights” protected, humans give up certain freedoms to Government If gov’t does NOT protect your Rights, citizens can OVERTHROW it!!! ĭISCUSS: When you go through airport security, what freedoms might you give up? Which one of your “natural rights” is the government protecting? īaron de Montesquieu (France) Viewpoints Believed too much power in one place is dangerous for others Introduced “Separation of Powers” between branches of government Ex: England’s Government King-enforced laws Parliament-made laws Judges-interpreted laws ĭISCUSS: What might happen if Police Officers were the ones who determined the people they arrested guilty instead of judges or juries? Glorious Revolution ~ 1600s there is a power struggle between king and Parliament 1688 Parliament removes King James II and replaces with William and Mary No blood shed so referred to as Glorious Revolution Demonstrates the strength of parliament and solidly establishes a Constitutional MonarchyĮnglish Bill of Rights 1689 Restricted monarchs power Guaranteed free elections Right to fair trial Eliminated cruel and unusual punishment Ĭommon Law Determined by custom Court legal decisions are based on precedent Influenced American laws of property, contracts, and personal injury Įnlightenment Thinkers Ideas They argued that the laws of nature also applied to human life and society. Parliament Started out as a large group of elite advisors Later added representatives for the common people By 1300s became a legislature Magna Carta-1215 1 st document to limit power of English rulers Kings and queens must obey the law too! Major step toward constitutional government Where? - England The Magna Carta “ The Great Charter” Limited power of the monarch Extended rights to citizens Established the principle of limited government How do you think this impacted ideas of colonial governments? England was controlled by monarch and aristocracy Aristocrats paid taxes, kept monarch in business Gave power and influence Enlightenment Ideas: Limited government Self government Individual rights Major influence of colonial governments!
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